Attention
Version 3 is now the current version of MathJax. This document is for version 2.
Getting Started¶
MathJax allows you to include mathematics in your web pages, either using LaTeX, MathML, or AsciiMath notation, and the mathematics will be processed using JavaScript to produce HTML, SVG, or MathML equations for viewing in any modern browser.
There are two ways to access MathJax: the easiest way is to use the
copy of MathJax available from a distributed network service such as
cdnjs.com
, but you can also download and install a copy of
MathJax on your own server, or use it locally on your hard disk
(with no need for network access). All three of these are described
below, with links to more detailed explanations. This page gives the
quickest and easiest ways to get MathJax up and running on your web
site, but you may want to read the details in order to customize the
setup for your pages.
Using a Content Delivery Network (CDN)¶
The easiest way to use MathJax is to link directly to a public installation available through a Content Distribution Network (CDN). When you use a CDN, there is no need to install MathJax yourself, and you can begin using MathJax right away. The CDN will automatically arrange for your readers to download MathJax files from a fast, nearby server.
To use MathJax from a CDN, you need to do two things:
- Link to MathJax in the web pages that are to include mathematics.
- Put mathematics into your web pages so that MathJax can display it.
There are many free CDN providers that provide copies of MathJax. Some provide “rolling releases”, i.e., links that update to the latest available version upon release. (Note that we also provide a means of obtaining the latest version automatically, described below.)
- cdnjs.com (recommended)
- jsdelivr.com [rolling]
- unpkg.com [rolling]
- rawgit.com
- gitcdn.xyz
- raw.githack.com
Warning
We retired our self-hosted CDN at cdn.mathjax.org
in April, 2017.
We recommend using cdnjs.com which uses the same provider.
The use of cdn.mathjax.org
was governed by its terms of service.
To jump start using cdnjs, you accomplish the first step by putting
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML">
</script>
into the <head>
block of your document. (It can also go in the
<body>
if necessary, but the head is to be preferred.) This will
load the version 2.7.7 of MathJax from the distributed server, and
configure it to recognize mathematics in both TeX, MathML, and AsciiMath notation,
and ask it to generate its output using HTML with CSS to display the
mathematics.
Warning
The TeX-MML-AM_CHTML
configuration is one of the most general (and
thus largest) combined configuration files. We list it here because it
will quickly get you started using MathJax. It is probably not the most
efficient configuration for your purposes and other combined
configuration files are available. You can also
provide additional configuration parameters to tailor one of the combined
configurations to your needs or use our development tools to generate
your own combined configuration file.
More details about the configuration process can be found in the Loading and Configuring MathJax instructions.
If you use the code snippet given above, you will need to change the URL whenever MathJax is updated and the version changes (otherwise, you will remain at the version you linked to). It is also possible to have MathJax select its latest version for you. To do this, use
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/latest.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML">
</script>
into the <head>
block of your document. In this case, MathJax will
check to see what is the most current version available, and will load
that, regardless of the version you specified. That way, you can always
be sure you will have the most up-to-date version of MathJax, and will not
have to modify your pages as new versions are released.
Note
To see how to enter mathematics in your web pages, see Putting mathematics in a web page below.
Installing Your Own Copy of MathJax¶
We recommend using a CDN service if you can, but you can also install MathJax on your own server, or locally on your own hard disk. To do so you will need to do the following things:
- Obtain a copy of MathJax and make it available on your server or hard disk.
- Configure MathJax to suit the needs of your site.
- Link MathJax into the web pages that are to include mathematics.
- Put mathematics into your web pages so that MathJax can display it.
These steps are described in more detail below.
Downloading and Installing MathJax¶
The MathJax source code is hosted on
GitHub.
To install MathJax on your own server, download
the latest distribution,
unpack the archive, and place the resulting MathJax folder onto your
web server at a convenient location where you can include it into your
web pages. For example, making MathJax
a top-level directory on
your server would be one natural way to do this. That would let you
refer to the main MathJax file via the URL /MathJax/MathJax.js
from within any page on your server.
Once you have MathJax set up on your server, you can test it using the
files in the MathJax/test
directory. If you are putting MathJax
on a server, load them in your browser using their web addresses
rather than opening them locally (i.e., use an http://
URL rather
than a file://
URL). When you view the index.html
file, after
a few moments you should see a message indicating that MathJax appears
to be working. If not, check that the files have been transferred to
the server completely and that the permissions allow the server to
access the files and folders that are part of the MathJax directory.
(Be sure to verify the MathJax folder’s permissions as well.) Check
the server log files for any errors that pertain to the MathJax
installation; this may help locate problems in the permission or
locations of files.
Note
For more details (such as version control access) see the installation instructions.
Configuring your copy of MathJax¶
When you include MathJax into your web pages as described below, it
will load the file config/TeX-MML-AM_CHTML.js
(i.e., the file
named TeX-MML-AM_CHTML.js
in the config
folder of the
main MathJax
folder). This file preloads all the most
commonly-used components of MathJax, allowing it to process
mathematics that is in the TeX or LaTeX format, the AsciiMath format, or the MathML notation.
It will produce output in HTML (with CSS) to render the
mathematics.
There are a number of other prebuilt configuration files that you can
choose from as well, or you could use the config/default.js
file and
customize the settings yourself.
Note
The combined configuration files are described more fully in Common Configurations, and the configuration options are described in Configuration Options.
Linking your copy of MathJax into a web page¶
You can include MathJax in your web page by putting
<script type="text/javascript" async src="path-to-MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script>
in your document’s <head>
block. Here, path-to-MathJax
should
be replaced by the URL for the main MathJax directory, so if you have
put the MathJax
directory at the top level of you server’s web
site, you could use
<script type="text/javascript" async src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script>
to load MathJax in your page. For example, your page could look like
<html>
<head>
...
<script type="text/javascript" async src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script>
</head>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
Note
If you have installed MathJax on a server that is in a different domain from the one serving the page that loads MathJax, be sure to read the Notes About Shared Servers for more details. In that case, you may wish to consider using MathJax via a CDN rather than installing your own copy of MathJax.
Putting mathematics in a web page¶
To put mathematics in your web page, you can use TeX and LaTeX notation, MathML notation, AsciiMath notation, or a combination of all three within the same page; the MathJax configuration tells MathJax which you want to use, and how you plan to indicate the mathematics when you are using TeX/LaTeX or AsciiMath notation. The configuration file used in the examples above tells MathJax to look for three three formats (TeX, AsciiMath, and MathML) within your pages. Other configuration files tell MathJax to use only one of these input options or one of the other output options. These three formats are described in more detail below.
TeX and LaTeX input¶
Mathematics that is written in TeX or LaTeX format is indicated using math delimiters that surround the mathematics, telling MathJax what part of your page represents mathematics and what is normal text. There are two types of equations: ones that occur within a paragraph (in-line mathematics), and larger equations that appear separated from the rest of the text on lines by themselves (displayed mathematics).
The default math delimiters are $$...$$
and \[...\]
for
displayed mathematics, and \(...\)
for in-line mathematics. Note
in particular that the $...$
in-line delimiters are not used
by default. That is because dollar signs appear too often in
non-mathematical settings, which could cause some text to be treated
as mathematics unexpectedly. For example, with single-dollar
delimiters, “… the cost is $2.50 for the first one, and $2.00 for
each additional one …” would cause the phrase “2.50 for the first
one, and” to be treated as mathematics since it falls between dollar
signs. For this reason, if you want to use single-dollars for in-line
math mode, you must enable that explicitly in your configuration:
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']]}
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" async src="path-to-mathjax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML"></script>
See the config/default.js
file, or the tex2jax configuration
options page, for additional configuration
parameters that you can specify for the tex2jax preprocessor,
which is the component of MathJax that identifies TeX notation within
the page. See the TeX and LaTeX page for
more on MathJax’s support for TeX, and in particular how to deal with
single dollar signs in your text when you have enabled single
dollar-sign delimiters.
Here is a complete sample page containing TeX mathematics (also available in the test/sample-tex.html file):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>MathJax TeX Test Page</title>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']]}});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://example.com/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML">
</script>
</head>
<body>
When $a \ne 0$, there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
$$x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}.$$
</body>
</html>
Since the TeX notation is part of the text of the page, there are some caveats that you must keep in mind when you enter your mathematics. In particular, you need to be careful about the use of less-than signs, since those are what the browser uses to indicate the start of a tag in HTML. Putting a space on both sides of the less-than sign should be sufficient, but see TeX and LaTeX support for details.
If you are using MathJax within a blog, wiki, or other content management system, the markup language used by that system may interfere with the TeX notation used by MathJax. For example, if your blog uses Markdown notation for authoring your pages, the underscores used by TeX to indicate subscripts may be confused with the use of underscores by Markdown to indicate italics, and the two uses may prevent your mathematics from being displayed. See TeX and LaTeX support for some suggestions about how to deal with the problem.
There are a number of extensions for the TeX input processor that are
loaded by combined configuration files which include TeX
in their name
(e.g., TeX-AMS_CHTML
). These include:
- TeX/AMSmath.js, which defines the AMS math environments and macros,
- TeX/AMSsymbols.js, which defines the macros for the symbols in the msam10 and msbm10 fonts,
- TeX/noErrors.js, which shows the original TeX code rather than an error message when there is a problem processing the TeX, and
- TeX/noUndefined.js, which prevents undefined macros from producing an error message, and instead shows the macro name in red.
Other extensions may be loaded automatically when needed.
Note
See TeX and LaTeX support for details on the other TeX extensions that are available.
MathML input¶
For mathematics written in MathML notation, you mark your
mathematics using standard <math>
tags, where <math
display="block">
represents displayed mathematics and <math
display="inline">
or just <math>
represents in-line mathematics.
Note that even on old browsers this will work in HTML files, not just XHTML
files (MathJax works with both), and that the web page need not be served
with any special MIME-type. However note that in HTML (as opposed to
XHTML), you should not include a namespace prefix for your <math>
tags; for example, you should not use <m:math>
except in an XHTML file
where you have tied the m
namespace to the MathML DTD by adding the
xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
attribute to your file’s
<html>
tag.
Although it is not required, it is recommended that you include the
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
attribute on all
<math>
tags in your document (and this is preferred to the use of
a namespace prefix like m:
above, since those are deprecated in
HTML5) in order to make your MathML work in the widest range of
situations.
Here is a complete sample page containing MathML mathematics (also available in the test/sample-mml.html file):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>MathJax MathML Test Page</title>
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://example.com/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>
When
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>a</mi><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn>
</math>,
there are two solutions to
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
<mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn>
</math>
and they are
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>±</mo>
<msqrt>
<msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>4</mn><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mrow> <mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi> </mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>.</mtext>
</math>
</p>
</body>
</html>
When entering MathML notation in an HTML page (rather than an XHTML page), you should not use self-closing tags, but should use explicit open and close tags for all your math elements. For example, you should use
<mspace width="5pt"></mspace>
rather than <mspace width="5pt" />
in an HTML document. If you
use the self-closing form, some browsers will not build the math tree
properly, and MathJax will receive a damaged math structure, which
will not be rendered as the original notation would have been.
Typically, this will cause parts of your expression to not be
displayed. Unfortunately, there is nothing MathJax can do about that,
since the browser has incorrectly interpreted the tags long before
MathJax has a chance to work with them.
The component of MathJax that recognizes MathML notation within the
page is called the mml2jax extension, and it has only a few
configuration options; see the config/default.js
file or the
mml2jax configuration options page for more
details.
Note
See the MathML page for more on MathJax’s MathML support.
AsciiMath input¶
MathJax v2.0 introduced a new input format: AsciiMath notation by
incorporating ASCIIMathML.
By default, you mark mathematical expressions written in this form by
surrounding them in “back-ticks”, i.e., `...`
.
Here is a complete sample page containing AsciiMath notation (also available in the test/sample-asciimath.html file):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>MathJax AsciiMath Test Page</title>
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://example.com/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=AM_CHTML"></script>
</head>
<body>
<p>When `a != 0`, there are two solutions to `ax^2 + bx + c = 0` and
they are</p>
<p style="text-align:center">
`x = (-b +- sqrt(b^2-4ac))/(2a) .`
</p>
</body>
</html>
The component of MathJax that recognizes asciimath notation within the
page is called the asciimath2jax extension, and it has only a few
configuration options; see the config/default.js
file or the
asciimath2jax configuration options page for more
details.
Note
See the AsciiMath support page for more on MathJax’s AsciiMath support.
Where to go from here?¶
If you have followed the instructions above, you should now have MathJax installed and configured on your web server, and you should be able to use it to write web pages that include mathematics. At this point, you can start making pages that contain mathematical content!
You could also read more about the details of how to customize MathJax.
If you are trying to use MathJax in blog or wiki software or in some other content-management system, you might want to read about using MathJax in popular platforms.
If you are working on dynamic pages that include mathematics, you might want to read about the MathJax Application Programming Interface (its API), so you know how to include mathematics in your interactive pages.
If you are having trouble getting MathJax to work, you can read more about installing MathJax, or loading and configuring MathJax.
Finally, if you have questions or comments, or want to help support MathJax, you could visit the MathJax community forums or the MathJax bug tracker.